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<text id=90TT1629>
<title>
June 25, 1990: Soviet Union:And The Breadwinner Is...
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
June 25, 1990 Who Gives A Hoot?
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 32
SOVIET UNION
And the Breadwinner Is...</hdr>
<body>
<p>...Mikhail Gorbachev, who reclaims the initiative by
acknowledging that half a loaf is better than none
</p>
<p> Amid the constant shortages and discomforts of Soviet life,
one of its good things has always been a crusty loaf of nutty
Russian bread. Comforting to stomach and soul, bread is a
mainstay of the masses' daily existence. For that reason, Moscow
for almost 30 years has held the price of the average loaf at
a heavily subsidized 23 kopecks--about 40 cents.
</p>
<p> When the government suggested tripling the price of bread
from July 1 as a start on dismantling the vast subsidy system,
nationwide fury was the completely predictable result. Last week
legislators in the Supreme Soviet voted 319 to 33 to delay any
increase for at least two months. Only the day before, the
parliament had approved an outline for a more rapid "transition
to a regulated market economy" than originally envisioned by the
government.
</p>
<p> More defeats for Gorbachev and his reforms? Not
necessarily. The Supreme Soviet may have done him a favor. He
had given only tepid support to the program presented by Prime
Minister Nikolai Ryzhkov in late May; in fact, many Western
experts believe Gorbachev had little to do with fine-tuning it.
Almost immediately, the plan's half measures were attacked by
conservatives and liberals alike. When the advance warning of
price increases set off panic buying across the country, the
Kremlin lost enthusiasm for the proposals.
</p>
<p> Supreme Soviet Chairman Anatoli Lukyanov, Gorbachev's
deputy, took last week's votes philosophically. Economic reform,
he said, "is a new revolution. Of course it needs perfecting."
Just before adjourning for the summer, parliament instructed the
government to come back with a new package in the fall. The next
plan, the Supreme Soviet urged, should be far bolder in cutting
government spending, deregulating economic activity and
decontrolling prices.
</p>
<p> Meanwhile the legislators affirmed Gorbachev's decree
powers as President and called on him to use them to break up
monopolies, sell state property and establish a banking system.
This, says Ed Hewett, a senior fellow at the Brookings
Institution in Washington, amounts almost to a vote of
confidence and gives Gorbachev the option to "move quickly
toward a market economy"--if he wants to.
</p>
<p> The Soviet President also reclaimed the initiative in his
struggle with the forces of nationalism and separatism. He had
been visibly dismayed when his populist nemesis, Boris Yeltsin,
won election as chairman of the Russian Federation's Supreme
Soviet and engineered a declaration of the republic's desire for
"sovereignty." Gorbachev countered by ordering up a commission
to draft a new treaty that would establish a loose federation
among the 15 Soviet republics, providing each of them with
economic "sovereignty." In a show of goodwill, he partly eased
the natural-gas embargo against breakaway Lithuania. After
meeting with the leaders of all the republics for five hours
last week, Gorbachev seemed to have dampened his antagonist's
fervor. Said Yeltsin: "We shook hands, and we met each other
halfway...We agreed that Russia cannot survive without the
entire country and the country cannot survive without Russia."
</p>
<p> So many vital issues are competing for Gorbachev's
attention that he has decided he needs technical assistance from
an unlikely source: the White House. A six-member Soviet
delegation toured the premises last week, and John Sununu, the
markedly conservative chief of staff, will go to Moscow to offer
pointers on the best way to organize a presidential branch of
government. The Soviets, Sununu observes, are now encountering
not only the benefits of reform but "all the things that make
democratic political systems so...[pained smile]...interesting."
</p>
<p>By Bruce W. Nelan. Reported by Ann Blackman/Moscow.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>